![]() ![]() The change in urinary pH also leads to precipitation of soluble ions, which results in formation of urinary calculi in the form of struvite or apatite crystals. The urinary epithelial cells become damaged because ammonia is a toxin. The organism hydrolyzes urea in the urine to ammonia and CO 2. Potential virulence factors include urease, endotoxin, IgA protease, swarming motility, fimbriae, hemolysins, and iron-binding siderophores.
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